Impacts of Terrorism on Economic Growth and Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Asian Countries: Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines
https://doi.org/10.56225/ijfeb.v1i1.5
Keywords:
economic growth, foreign direct investment, terrorism, developing Asian countriesAbstract
Terrorism is one of the most serious, damaging, and disturbing problems nowadays. Terrorism attacks are intended to apply sufficient pressure on a government so that it grants political and economic concessions. This study aims to investigate the impacts of terrorism on economic growth (GDP) and foreign direct investment (FDI) in Developing Asian Countries: Malaysia, Indonesia, and Philippines. The panel data was collected from World Bank Data Malaysia and the Department of Statistics Malaysia from 1999 to 2016 for each selected country. This study uses the panel data regressions to analyze the data by using the Pooled Ordinary Least Square (POLS), Fixed Effect (FE), and Random Effect (RE). This study showed that gross domestic product and foreign direct investment have a negative relationship with terrorism in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Philippines. The overall research or findings of this study can guide the government to identify the ways to prevent or manage to sustain terrorist attacks without displaying economic growth and foreign direct investment consequences.
Downloads
References
Abadie, A., & Gardeazabal, J. (2003). The economic costs of conflict: A case study of the Basque Country. American Economic Review, 93(1), 113–132.
Adekoya, O. A. (2011). The Impact of Advertising on Sales Volume of a Product: A case of Starcomms Plc, Nigeria.
Bandyopadhyay, S., Sandler, T., & Younas, J. (2014). Foreign direct investment, aid, and terrorism. Oxford Economic Papers, 66(1), 25–50.
Blomberg, S. B., & Hess, G. D. (2006). From (no) butter to guns? Understanding the economic role in transnational terrorism. Understanding the Economic Role in Transnational Terrorism.
Blomberg, S. B., Hess, G. D., & Orphanides, A. (2004). The macroeconomic consequences of terrorism. Journal of Monetary Economics, 51(5), 1007–1032.
Enders, W., & Sandler, T. (2011). The political economy of terrorism. Cambridge University Press.
Gaibulloev, K., & Sandler, T. (2008). Growth consequences of terrorism in Western Europe. Kyklos, 61(3), 411–424.
Gotham, G. (2017). What is terrorism?
Hoffman, B. (2009). Radicalization and subversion: Al Qaeda and the 7 July 2005 bombings and the 2006 airline bombing plot. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 32(12), 1100–1116.
Kumar, D. (2012). Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire. Haymarket Books.
Laqueur, W. (2017). A history of terrorism. Routledge.
Miller, L. (2006). The terrorist mind: I. A psychological and political analysis. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 50(2), 121–138.
Murphy, E., & Malik, A. R. (2009). Pakistan Jihad: The making of religious terrorism. IPRI Journal, 1(2), 17–19.
Schmid, A. P. (1992). Terrorism and democracy. Terrorism and Political Violence, 4(4), 14–25.
Tavares, J. (2004). The open society assesses its enemies: shocks, disasters and terrorist attacks. Journal of Monetary Economics, 51(5), 1039–1070.
WorldNetDaily. (2003). Continues to Pump Out Outrageous Propaganda.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 SRN Intellectual Resources
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
